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Non-traditional methods of drug administration in anesthesiology and emergency medicine
Kurzová, Alice ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Bláha, Jan (referee) ; Gabrhelík, Tomáš (referee)
1 SUMMARY Introduction The thesis is focused on the research of efficacy and side effects of non-traditional, i.e. nasal administration of oxytocin and nasal and intramuscular administration of remifentanil. Nasal administration has the advantage of being non-invasive and useful in situations with difficult vein access (young children, extensive burns, terrorist attacks and battlefields). The dissertation has two parts that are closely related: nasal, intramuscular and conjunctival administration of remifentanil, nasal and intramuscular administration of oxytocin. Remifentanil is an ultra-short- acting opioid that is registered for intravenous administration only. Its main advantage over other opioids is its rapid metabolism after intravenous administration and absent accumulation even after prolonged infusion. Remifentanil is the only opioid for which, with the exception of two papers, intranasal administration has not been described yet; data on intramuscular and conjunctival administration are completely lacking. Oxytocin is a hormone that is used therapeutically primarily for its peripheral effects in the uterus and breast during pregnancy. However, other central effects have also been observed, i.e. anxiolytic effect, reduction of social stress levels and increase in empathy. It can be useful in...
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Use of Nanomaterials in Fortification of Anastomoses on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Rosendorf, Jáchym ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Herrmann, Inge K. (referee) ; Wexner, Steven D. (referee)
Background: The main focus of the dissertation is the use of nanofibrous biodegradable materials for the healing support of intestinal anastomoses in colorectal surgery. The altered healing process of intestinal anastomosis leads to several types of local complications. Anastomotic leakage is one of the most feared ones. Severe anastomotic leakage causes peritonitis, sepsis and is a life-threatening condition. Reoperation is necessary in many cases, bringing the need for intensive care, and hospital stays prolongation. Extensive peritoneal adhesions are another source of postoperative complications. These adhesions are a frequent cause of bowel obstruction and abdominal discomfort and are the most common reason for readmission after colorectal procedures. Nanofibrous biodegradable materials showed positive effects on the healing process in various locations. We aimed to develop and perfect a biodegradable patch for both prevention of anastomotic leakage and the formation of extensive peritoneal adhesions. Methods: We conducted 3 subsequential experiments on porcine models. In Experiment A, we managed to develop polycaprolactone and polylactic acid- polycaprolactone copolymer nanofibrous patches and applied them on anastomoses on the small porcine intestine. The animals were observed for 3 weeks....
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Body Surface Potential Mapping In Animal Experiments - Pilot Study
Novotna, Petra
The aim of this article is to present a pilot case study in the area of body surface potential mapping. This technology was used to record data from animal experiments with the goal to find out, what information could be derived from recorded ECGs in the protocol including induced myocardial ischemia. Data recorded before and after the ischemia were compared. Differences in ECG beat morphology were observed, also local changes in analysed intervals (QT, ST, QS, PT) were visible. It was hypothesiced that QT interval will be prolonged after myocardial ischemia. Nevertheless, according to out pilot study this hypothesis was declined.
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